![]() Mantle plumes appear to be stationary through time therefore, as the tectonic plate moves over the hot spot, a linear chain of volcanoes is produced. These mantle plumes occur within the asthenosphere or deeper, such that they are unaffected by the movement of the continental or oceanic plates. ![]() ![]() This heat is the result of a mantle plume that rises from deep in the mantle toward the surface resulting in the production of magma and volcanoes. In addition to GPS technology, geologists can also track plate motion using the location of hot spots, volcanically active areas on the Earth’s surface that are caused by anomalously hot mantle rocks underneath ( Figure 5.11).
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